There are two systems of rating water resistance. The first is set up by the marketing arm of the manufacturer to target a market niche, it's rated in meters with a WR. No tests are required.
Depending on the maker if its WR200 then it would actually be designed to survive that depth but due to the variances in manufacture it may or may not actually survive. Some may not do 50m - they are betting on their customer base to accept the looks while never attempting the act. As pointed out, many who do dive rarely go more than 40m - that's 120 feet.
The second system is governed by a standard which does require the case to be tested, most do it using air pressure and calculating any changes inside to detect leaking. It gets the word "Dive" on the face with the depth in Meters. It was originally pretty good to get 100M, then the race for oneupmanship started and it's well past 200M and some models are pushing extreme depths that would actually kill the diver. But, not the watch.
The features which can survive a typical depth of 200M, strangely enough, do not require glass, screw down stems, or even a screw back case. Mineral glass is preferred for its stiffness to that depth, with sapphire glass as a upgrade. Stems are largely sealed by internal o-rings and aren't screw down in some models, if anything the screw down stem is considered a value engineered way to seal. The case back may not open at all - monocoque cases exist which have all the works inserted thru the front with the crystal fastened down and bezel placed over it. Avoiding the screwback generally raised the watch into the 300M class by avoiding the need for that gasket and periodic servicing for it.
In either case - pun intended - the works inserted has to be protected from pressure depressing either the crystal or caseback against it. Shock resistance is also rated - by it's own standard - and then dust, vibration, and temperature, too. The Casio G Shock line in both analog and digital offer a lot for the money, albeit in a quartz drive. Traditional watches tend to automatic mechanical movements, and there is some considerable difference in their inherent accuracy. Keep in mind that the inventor of quartz did so to time Olympic events that required better than mechanical measurements - athletes were actually pushing the frontiers of timekeeping. The answer was to use a vibrating quartz crystal then reduce the frequency and use the result, which then became the new standard for timekeeping.
That inventing company then saw foreign competitors use it to almost destroy their business. It was an old and open tech method with no patent or copyright. Now you know about how Rolex and the Swiss lost the technical edge and Seiko/Citizen/Casio became the world's biggest suppliers of watches.
For the most part, if a classic water resistant watch is desired, there are hundreds to choose from. If it's a Dive watch, then they are always marked Dive with meter ratings, not WR. However, the crossover of styles means its highly possible to find an attractive dive style watch with WR, or, a very upscale world timer or complication watch with Dive Rated Depth.
In my experience - fashion watches ie brands who make styles that change with the times - tend to have less robust or environmentally resistant cases. Bluntly, you buy them for their looks and if they crap out, you toss them. This seems to taper off when watch prices move past $150. Above that makers tend toward more classic styles and offer more tested Dive models as they know people are less likely to buy them frequently or in quantity.
How a watch is held onto the wrist also comes into play, some models come with integrated bracelets which are part of the artistic effort, the field, military, and dive styles tend to have interchangeable bands, straps, and/or bracelets to suit the owners needs.
Because of all that - knowing what the owner intends to do, where, and how he needs to measure time, is needed up front, and then, what appearance he/she prefers to convey as a message of who they are - or pretend to be.
Good luck with that.