A person is considered an alcoholic when drinking becomes a problem for him. How much, where, when, with whom, and what are variables with each person and can serve as indicators but no hard and fast rules apply.
Why, on the other hand, is the one characteristic that does make a difference. The alcoholic drinks to feel good and looks for alcohol to do for him what he cannot do for himself.
Drinking two beers does not commonly fit the description of an alcoholic, yet it happens not because of the amount but how it affects them.
Case in point:
Guy walks in and holds up liquor store. Guy ends up with no left arm. No one shot him but two (2) beers screwed him up enough he ran out of the store through a plate glass window.
Not consuming alcohol by will power is possible for normal people and for some alcoholics, but the difference often lies in being able to deal with things as a normal person and being happy. Many alcoholics continue the same crazy approach to living and behavcior without the booze as they did when they were actively drinking.
Two afflictions that contribute greatly to alcoholism are Attention Deficit Disorder and Codependency. ADD is a physical condition in the brain that impairs a person's ability to remember, finish jobs, concentrate on 1 thing rather than bouncing back and forth among 10, do well in school, etc. ADHD adds hyperactivity to the mix and is seen in kids who can't sit still, talk all the time, daydream, forget everything, don't do well in school, constantly tapping their feet or fingers or pencils, etc.
Codependency may be defined as doing or not doing something you want to do to keep some other SOB happy. You prostitute yourself, your ideas, your, wants, needs, goals, etc. in order to please others.
The disease argument will probably rage on for years unless the genetic research comes up with something concrete. However, the greatest success with treatment has come from approaching it as a disease.
Actually being an alcoholic is one of the luckier addictions to have because one usually will find about about it and have a chance to do something about it. Hopefully before the person ends up in a mental hospital, prison, or the cemetery.
Conversely, those who are workaholics, religionaholics, foodaholicsw, cleanaholics, tvaholicssports fanaholics, etc,. never discover that their their behavior is basically just as destructive to their lives and the lives of their families as is being an alcoholic. Just as with alcohol, they have found a way to escape.
There is no simple way to totally classify or treat alcoholism or any other addiction either as disease, will power, or genetics. The variables are many and complex, and what causes and what successfully treats one will not necessarily be correct for the next one.
An old quote that is especially applicable with addictions:
"Do not criticize the ways of another until you have walked many miles in his moccasins."
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