It appears to be a Martini action schuetzen rifle. It could be in a black powder cartridge or a smokeless powder cartridge (black powder does not necessarily mean muzzleloader.) It could also be rimfire. Pictures of the whole rifle, better pictures of the markings, and a diameter of the bore could help in providing further information.
EDIT: Just looked through the pictures again and noticed some things I had overlooked. The buttplate makes me think it could be Swiss. They were also known to build target rifles on commercial Martini actions. The apparently French language stock inlay would also support this theory, but being that it is in Belgium, that could also explain the language.
EDIT 2: It appears this is on the right track. See this listing:
STAR-D.E. MONTABLE SWISS SCHUETZEN TARGET RIFLE