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Happens all the time.
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Not the best idea. At issue is that once the bullet exits the rifling, the propelling gases rush out at about twice the velocity of the bullet. In air or a suppressor entrance chamber), this is not an issue. However in the confines of a tube slightly over bore diameter (as would be the case in an adapter threading into the barrel), the escaping gases can start tumbling with poor accuracy or possible baffle strikes.
If you have enough barrel thickness to do an internal threaded adapter, then you have enough thickness to choose an appropriate thread and do an external adapter, such as 7/16-28 in a 1/2" diameter barrel. In that way, the passage through the adapter can be significantly larger diameter with less upsetting of the bullet in flight.
As they say, "been there, done that, got the T-shirt."