I would say you can get out to 400 yards with a 11.5" barrel - you just might not be all that happy with the bullets ballistics/fps when you get there. So if you're planning on hunting or want to inflict some serious damage on a bad guy at those ranges, you're going to want a longer barrel. If you're just looking to shoot steel or discourage a bad guy from coming any closer, nothing wrong with a short barrel.
And of course your choice of optics is going to play a major role on what distances you can practically shoot. Personally, I have a couple of short barreled uppers with red dots (and in one case a red dot with a 3x magnifier). I shoot these offhand almost exclusively. They are light, maneuverable and just fun to shoot. But 90% of my shooting is 0-60 yards and the remaining 10% is to a max of about 150. Given my current skill level that's about as far as I can hit a IPSC size steel target offhand with 80-90% hits. If I'm shooting out to 5-600, or I want to shoot small groups at 100 I'm going to have a scope with a minimum of 10x on the high end (preferably more), a barrel that's at least 16" and probably a bipod.
And if I want max. versatility, it's with a 14.5" barrel and a LPVO.