How long before a rifle/pistol starts to rust? There's no answer. You'd have to know the carbon content (If it's SS - the hardness, AND carbon if any), humidity, humidity spread, salinity, & the EXACT make-up of the finish.
If it's going to be years, use Rig or cosmoline. If it's going to be a lot of years, wax the whole gun including any wood (with Pledge), fill the barrel & internal parts SOLID with Rig, remove the stock, then cover the rest of the gun with cosmoline as you're wrapping it with Saran Wrap.
Use so much grease that it's squishing out of the sides as you're wrapping it (the extra doesn't protect the metal - it just seals the wrap against itself. Use an entire roll on each long gun.
If the furniture is wood, wax the stock/forearm again, & space out 6, or 8 small BB sized dabs of Rig on the inside on the unfinished part (a single one on the inside of each pistolgrip), don't really rub it in - just smear them flat.
Now wrap the wooden parts in Saran Wrap (a lot of it), after youre anout 1/3rd done start spraying grease on the wrap itself to seal it (then wrap some more, then grease some more, then...).
The Rig, & wax on the wood isn't to waterproof it - just the opposite, it's to keep it from drying out, warping, cracking, & keep it in good condition.
Wrap the two packages together with more Saran Wrap just to keep everything together, then label them if you want (It'll make things easier later).
Now go away for a few decades, & don't worry - they'll be in the same condition when you get back, & spend 2hrs cleaning that mess up.
EVEN if there's a flood, they [u]will not[/u] have any rust - I KNOW! The only ones that survived 2 weeks underwater were the S&W SS pistols, & the mumified rifles.