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Its news to me that all states do not charge background fees. I have lived in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, California, Arizona, and Colorado, and every gun I have purchase in any of those states from a gun shop to a pawn shop has charged me to do a background check. You might be right tho about it being just a transfer fee. I figured that is what I was paying for.
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I think we might be talking about different things.
If you walk into a gun store in states that only have the Federal instant check system they don't charge for the background check.
Let's use NE as an example. So if you want a specific gun off the shelf. You go in fill out the 4473, if you have a valid CCW you walk out with the gun without the FFL having to call you in, if you don't have a CCW the FFL either calls you into the FBI or uses the electronic submission method (it's the same thing but instead of reading your info over the phone to an examiner they submit an electronic form).
You only pay for the gun, no additional fee for the background check.
Same if you want to transfer a gun in from gunbroker or from a different state. What the FFL charges you for on a transfer in states that use the Federal system is his time and effort facilitating the interstate firearms transfer. It's usually somewhere between $20-$45. The fee isn't mandated by law nor does that fee go to the government.
Of those states you listed NICS (the fed system) is used in ID and AZ. I don't know about WA.
The other states you listed run their background check through the state police and are likely required to charge an additional fee for the background check. I know OR and CO are required to for sure by law as those states run gun transactions through the state police and I'm assuming CA does the same thing.