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Yes, new panels are staggered. Old panels, not so much. I have no way of knowing what you have existing. Yes, just make sure you wire things so your adjacent 110 outlets are on separate legs. That way you can rig your (illegal not to code) 220 ext cord.
You have a Mill. I bet you eventually end up with a combination of a Phase Converter, Lathe, Compressor, BandSaw, Tool Grinder, Welder, Plasma Cutter, etc. Give serious thought to running a decent sized feeder and a sub panel over to your hobby/work area. Get some conduit hung and you can add another circuit where/when needed. If it's just hobby stuff, you working mainly alone, your only using 1 thing at a time. 60A would likely cover everything. I ran my pole barn on 60A and never tripped the main breaker. The biggest draw is running the 80gal compressor while I'm running the plasma cutter.
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I don't think there is any code down here. When I bought the house, there were neither electrical, plumbing, nor structural inspections by the city/county.
As for the 220VAC outlet, I decided to ditch it, as I can easily make an extension cord to adapt the 110 to 220 at the bench outlets.
The main breaker box is a Square D, Homeline model, which is full for all but one slot. My plans were to take the 220 dryer breaker and replace it with a 100A or 125A breaker and wire that to a sub-panel next to the main panel. Then install the dryer breaker into the sub-panel, along with any additional circuits required. I'll use 2AWG from the main breaker to the sub-panel, which I believe will be sufficient. If you have other thoughts, speak up. All wiring to be copper, not aluminum.
The garage will get a single 30A 220VAC circuit to run the mill's VFD (3HP) and 110VAC Millermatic 130. This will be wired in 8AWG, 3-conductor+ground Romex. The mill VFD will pull up to 27A, while the Miller will only pull 20A. I can't use them both at the same time, so I'll pull the 110 from one leg of the 220.
The lathe in the basement will only pull a max of 10.2A (per the motor plate sticker) on 110VAC. It will get its own 12AWG, 110VAC circuit. If I switch out the single phase 110 motor to a 3-phase vfd, the amperage will drop even more.
My small air compressor only pulls 6.5A @ 220VAC, so it will get its own circuit. I'm still deciding on whether to put it in the garage, or since the garage is on the small side, put it in the basement and sweat copper into the garage.
Then two circuits of 15A each @ 110VAC to the work bench using 12AWG Romex.
There's the plan, Stan.