You definitely do not want to be using a loaded round for headspacing. Even if you were to pull the bullet and dump the powder, you still are checking headspace with a malleable "gauge" whose dimensions you do not know.
The extractor should be removed if you want to get accurate results from your headspace gauges. You're dealing with differences of a few thousandths of an inch total.
Assuming the bolt still will not close on your 7.62 GO after extractor removal, you'll only need a .308 "GO" gauge to see if your headspace is too "tight". As you can see in the list below, it is entirely possible that your headspace is correct for .308 Win.
If your bolt will not close even on the .308 GO gauge, do not despair. It will cost you only a little more $ and time to correct your headspace. Remove your existing locking shoulder by pressing (not hammering) it out. Measure it, and order a couple of smaller pin gauges. Follow the headspacing instructions stickied on FALfiles under the "Gunsmithing" forum, or the ones in your Gunplumber's manual to determine what size locking shoulder you need, order it, make sure the foot fits, lube it and press it in. Done.
For reference:
"GO" for .308 is 1.6300"
"GO" for 7.62 is 1.6355"
"NO-GO" for .308 is 1.6340"
"NO-GO" for 7.62 is 1.6405"
"FIELD" for .308 is 1.6380"
"FIELD" for 7.62 is 1.6455"