Nathan...I can help with some of the questions and my "opinions".
#1. The link to Buds is for the LIGHT WEIGHT version, meaning it has a composite upper and well as the plastic lower. From what I found recently buying a 522P model, the weight difference was less than 4 ounces. IMO I'd stick with the metal-upper (zamak) version.
HERE is a link to CDNNSports GSG offerings. You can see where they clearly differentiate the LW from standard versions, and what the relative price differences are. I got my 522P from them, excellent service, FAST shipping.
#2. As noted above, CDNN Sports.
#3. I think you're on the right track, get the fixed stock version, see if you like it, then maybe the collapsible later. Some of them had complaints of being sloppy. READ all of the background on the GSG5's on the GSG Thread here...LOTS of good info.
#4. I do not have the pushpins, but I've seen they come in sets of 4...3 "short", one ':long". Caution, you MAY have to slightly enlarge the lower stock and receiver pin holes to accomodate them. Personally, I don't understand their attraction...I've got a very early GSG5 that still works like a sewing machine and is very accurate, one of my favorites. I'm not constantly removing the stock or the foregrip wherein the pins might be the only advantage. JMHO.
#5. Some have not given very kind reviews for the factory tri-rails. RRages looks like a nice, strong construction and the guy has a good rep, but it's pricey...then again, you get what you pay for.
#6. This is just personal preference...I think they're stupid, and problematic from what I've read. The 22-rounders work great and they're cheap right now at CDNN.
#7. Not sure, but I THINK I read where they don't fit the LW versions, but don't know why they would not. As noted, I have an "original" (pre-lawsuit) GSG5 and just got a 522P for a project that I'll be posting pix of here eventually, the only thing I don't aesthetically carefor on the 522 is the dippled grip, which I'm going to cover with a rubber slip-on grip anyway. Otherwise, I actually prefer the 522 version lower...again, just opinion.
#8. The 522 has an integral rail on the top...my Eotech 511.A65 fits fine on it and is sturdy.
READ, READ, READ all of the GSG background here on ar15.com. Also try hkpro.com, advanced search "gsg". There's lots of vendors and prices on stuff can vary wildly...hotgunparts.com, hkspecialiststore.com, hkparts.net, RRages.com, as well as ebay and Amazon. Have fun, proceed carefully.
s/fart
***EDIT addition*** Be aware that tinkering with your gun's internals may likely void your warranty!!! Keeping that in mind, another important mod that I would do is the charging handle buffer, but it involves disassembly of the upper body to get to it from what I remember.