Have you cleaned out the firing pin bore in the slide and inspected the firing pin? After replacing the spring, did you check the pin for free movement after pushing the firing pin all the way forward? If the firing pin hole in the slide is enlarged, it could cause the FP to stick forward a little (or a lot). The firing pin could also be bent. The FP could have a mushroomed head, causing it to not re-enter the hole in the stop plate if the plate slips a little.
The last thing I look at in this case is the stop plate. Most 1911s have had loose plates since day one and very few will drop the plate like yours did. In order for this to happen, the FP has failed to re-enter the hole in the plate. Think about what happens; the plate cannot drop while the hammer is resting on it after firing, and the slide starts to move back immediately, with the radius on the bottom of the plate pushing the hammer down as it goes. The plate obviously cannot fall yet. By this time the FP should have snapped back into place, pinning the stop plate in place. If this didn't happen, then the loose plate could fall out of position as yours did, so the firing pin/slide is the most likely problem area.