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Because the shoulder is set to allow for the hardware to mount a stock plastic hand guard cap.
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That's a dangerously broad assumption to make about EVERY SINGLE BARREL in existence. Perhaps the better way to state it would be "Many barrels could possibly have the shoulder set for a handguard retaining cap, so it's best to measure the actual gas port distance to the shoulder and set the block accordingly" rather than the way you said it.
I personally have at least 3 barrels (that I know of) that are intended for the gas block to sit flush against the shoulder, being intended for free-floated handguards that don't require an end cap. But generalizing a standard from 30 years ago is certainly easier I suppose.
The proper answer is to measure, at least by removing a screw from set screw blocks as mentioned above.
In practical application, unless it's a truly custom barrel with custom gas port size, it'll be overgassed enough that butting the block against the shoulder isn't very likely to have any adverse effects. Still best to measure just to ensure proper placement the first time, though, just in case.