I ran a 5.5 and now 4.5" 9mm barrels in my M16/9 and also with a RDIAS.
I have found factory and my handloaded 115gr fmj loads to be supersonic in just about everything I've ever shot them through - Glock, Beretta, SIG, M16/9, etc.
I suspect that if you got some 115gr fmj loads that were subsonic in the shorter barrels, you would have some malfunctions in semi-auto pistols with this ammo.
I have found 147gr fmj, occasionally like in cold weather, to be supersonic in the Colt 10.5" 635 upper. That's why I sold it off and went with a custom shorter barrel over a decade ago. At the time I used the Colt SMG upper and also a suppressed M92. If I downloaded my 147gr enough to eusure subsonic velocity in any weather in the 10.5" SMG barrel, the Beretta was not entirely reliable with this ammo - with an old AAC Phantom 9mm suppressor (designed for Beretta M92).