Smithsonian Videohistory Collection
"Collection Division 1: Stoner
In Sessions One through Five, Ezell interviewed Eugene Morrison Stoner, inventor of the U.S. Army's standard issue rifle, the M16/A-2, on his approach to weapon design between 1955 and 1988. Stoner's emphasis on lightweight, rapid-firing rifles conflicted with the Army's traditional interest in long-range, highly accurate small arms. Over time Stoner has extended his innovations to ammunition and ordnance design. Session Six consisted of visual documentation of Stoner's company, ARES Incorporated.
Stoner was born in Gasport, Indiana, in 1922. After graduating from high school in Long Beach, California, he installed armament equipment for Vega Aircraft Company. During World War II he enlisted in the Aviation Ordnance section of the U.S. Marine Corps. In late 1945 he began working in the machine shop for Whittaker, an aircraft equipment company, and ultimately became a Design Engineer. In the mid-1950s Stoner was hired as the Chief of Engineering for the Armalite Division of the Fairchild Engine and Aircraft Corporation where he developed the prototypes for the M16 automatic rifle. Since then he has developed over one hundred patents in the ordnance field for four companies, including ARES Incorporated, which he co-founded in 1971. Having retired from ARES in 1989, Stoner continues to consult with company engineers on design and fabrication innovations.
Video Sessions
Session One (April 19, 1988), at ARES, Inc., Port Clinton, Ohio, featured Eugene Stoner describing his career in small arms design, c. 1950-1975, including:
his engineering training, and association with ArmaLite;
AR10 and AR15 automatic rifles as prototypes of M16;
resistance to the M16 by the Ordnance Corps and the Army;
concept behind and components of Stoner 63 weapon system;
concept behind and components of ARES Light Machine Gun;
engineering requirements and trends in small arms design;
individual creativity in weapon design.
Visual documentation included:
AR10, AR15, M16/A-1, M16/A-2 automatic rifles;
Stoner 63 weapon system;
ARES Light Machine Gun.
Original Masters: 8 Beta videotapes
Dubbing Masters: 3 U-Matic videotapes
Reference Copies: 2 VHS videotapes
Transcript: 57 pages
2 hours, 40 minutes
Session Two (April 20, 1988), ARES, Inc., featured Stoner discussing the formation and designs of ARES, c. 1972-1988, including:
research on rates of fire for small arms;
ARES's origins in 1972;
development of an externally powered machine gun;
development and components of Light Machine Gun;
Stoner's and the U.S. government's approach to weapon development;
shortcomings in training of American engineers;
telescoped ammunition;
Advanced Individual Weapon System (AIWS);
comparison of traditional weapon testing and combat conditions.
Visual documentation included:
ARES Light Machine Gun and components;
small arms telescoped ammunition;
diagram of AIWS prototype.
Original Masters: 5 Beta videotapes
Dubbing Masters: 2 U-Matic videotapes
Reference Copies: 1 VHS videotapes
Transcript: 40 pages
1 hour, 40 minutes
Session Three (April 20, 1988), on the proving grounds of ARES, featured Stoner and Ezell firing, and discussing, Stoner's Light Machine Gun and the M16/A-2 automatic rifle, including:
LMG's and M16's recoil and rate of fire;
ARES' facilities for testing weaponry.
Visual documentation included:
LMG and M16/A-2 in operation.
Original Masters: 1 Beta videotape
Dubbing Masters: 1 U-Matic videotapes
Reference Copies: 1 VHS videotape
Transcript: 5 pages
20 minutes
Session Four (April 20, 1988), at ARES, Inc., featured Ezell narrating visual documentation of Stoner's recent weapon design work, including:
diagrams and photographs of 35-mm, 75-mm and 90-mm cannons;
20- to 105-mm telescoped ammunition.
Original Masters: 1 Beta videotape
Dubbing Masters: 1 U-Matic videotape
Reference Copies: 1 VHS videotape
Transcript: 3 pages
20 minutes
Session Five (April 21, 1988), on the factory floor at ARES, featured Stoner discussing the various medium and heavy cannon ARES has developed, c. 1975-1988, including:
35- and 75-mm automatic cannons;
differences in small arms and cannon design;
innovations in Stoner's ordnance and ammunition designs;
interaction of physical laws, military clientele, and the budget.
Visual documentation included:
35- and 75-mm cannons and components;
telescoped cannon ammunition.
Original Masters: 3 Beta videotapes
Dubbing Masters: 1 U-Matic videotape
Reference Copies: 1 VHS videotape
Transcript: 21 pages
1 hour
Session Six (April 21, 1988), on the factory floor and grounds of ARES, consisted of unnarrated visual documentation, including:
155-mm cannon;
grounds and landscape seen from ARES observation tower;
numeric-controlled machine tools in operation.
Original Masters: 2 Beta videotapes
Dubbing Masters: 1 U-Matic videotape
Reference Copies: 1 VHS videotape
Transcript: 3 pages
40 minutes "
http://siarchives.si.edu/research/videohistory_catalog9532.html