Most bolts and barrels go together. The key item is that the barrel extension comes pre head spaced on the barrel and that sets it up for home assembly. If a vendor offers a matching bolt headspaced for that barrel then it's a good thing but the expense does go up. Buying them separately can save a bundle of money as you can take advantage of sales and offers not always available as a complete set.
Case in point my 6.8 barrel was ordered as a 16" with headspaced bolt and with a nitride carrier, complete, which ran over $350. The AR pistol I'm building has a $89 barrel and I'm placing an order for a $79 BCG complete, about $170. Things like this are why the 6.8 ran over $1,100 and the pistol under $600.
The net result is still a bullet being projected out of the barrel and most of it's ballistics are still controlled by the quality of the ammo's construction. A barrel can only make an incremental difference, ammo can run from sublime to lame. Shooting white box or surplus fodder out of that Noveske barrel won't do very much for it at all, it's still cheap low powered ammo.
On the other end, if you are shooting for the last few percentages of accuracy or performance then the better barrel is the goal. But you have to be that good a shot to even realize it, too. A lot of guys buy high grade stuff but the reality is they are not always top 5% in their class. It's a pride of ownership sort of thing, rather than need of user. Like the difference between a real estate broker wearing a Rolex or a combat pilot. The one is all about image, the other actually needs that level of performance.
I blew the money on the 6.8 and have yet to find the limit of its accuracy, with the cheaper build I'm running 5.56 and trying to find the limit of my skill more affordably. Therefore it should be obvious which will go to the range more and get more rounds thru it. 6.8 or .300BO, it's commercial priced ammo, not surplus, and that means I can shoot 2-3X more 5.56 and gain the incremental edge in skill.
As a hunting rifle with a few boxes of ammo thru the year, the alternate calibers are fine. But if any extensive practice is part of the goal, not so much. That is why 5.56 is still the king of cheap and what most practice with to become better shooters.