Small departments around my area in NC typically fill full time positions from the part-time/reserve officers. Basically a person has to be hired part-time/reserve and wait for the next position to come open, which may be several years. Though it will only help you with other smaller departments which operate in a similar fashion, if a part-time/reserve there doesn't want to move up to full time. Large departments don't consider part-time even averaging 30 hours a week as experience, only full time counts. So that is a double edged sword.
Some places love military service, or college degrees, or volunteer work in the community, etc. Try to see what a department is seeking and if you have the relevant background, make sure it stands out in your application packet.
NC is a self sponsor state, and the community college BLET programs are usually almost full, but there is only a small number of actual jobs out there now. When I went through BLET years back, if you graduated BLET, had a 2 or 4 year degree, clean criminal history, and a pulse, they would almost compete against other departments to hire you. I keep expecting in another few years it will turn around again.