IMHO, horrible idea
The bearings in a cheap bench grinder cannot hold up to the force of cutting metal with other, harder, sharpened metal blades; even if you do get a little life out of the bearings you will have HORRIBLE accuracy because they aren't precision bearings.
The angle iron for bed-ways is also horrible. It just doesn't have the rigidity, and rigidity is crucial to machining. Even hobby level lathes have heavy castings for the ways/head-stock etc. Notice I said CASTINGS; cast-iron is much more rigid than hot-roll or cold-roll steel. Steel is strong, but flexes, cast-iron is stiff, but breaks. There is a reason castings are used, angle iron will most definitely not hold up to the cutting forces, let-alone keep it's shape (flat, true, straight) as varying loads are applied at different places on the bed.
What will act as your saddle and how will it effectively engage the "angle-iron bedways"? How will you crank the saddle? How will you make a cross-slide for the lathe? How will you hold tools?
Plan to cut threads etc? You need a lead-screw, half-nut and thread-dial, how will you adapt those on?
You will be MUCH better off doing a little research on mini hobby lathes, even if they are Chinese trash you will save a LOT of time, frustration and money in the long-run to buy a piece of garbage from China before you pursue this idea.
Sorry to poo on an idea, I value outside the box thinkers, but this idea is not a good one.
Have you ever run a lathe before? Have you experienced tool chatter and it's effects? Cheap ones will chatter bad enough to kill parts, tooling, your hearing, and ultimately the machine itself (vibration is a bitch). Even quality lathes can chatter if they setup isn't proper or the material is just one of those materials that chatters no matter what. An angle-iron lathe will chatter and break tools so badly that if you use it even somewhat regularly your cost on wasted materials, broken tools, repairing the parts of the lathe that are killed by vibration will all exceed the cost of a real lathe in no time at all...